hyperinflation

In Yugoslavia in 1993 prices rose 20% a day. In Zimbabwe in 2008, inflation reached 231,000,000%. Our cartoonist KAL looks at how hyperinflation can lead to the collapse of a country's economy

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperinflation

 在經濟學上，惡性通貨膨脹是一種不能控制的通貨膨脹，在物價很快地上漲的情況下，就使貨幣失去價值。惡性通貨膨脹沒有一個普遍公認的標準界定。一般界定為每月通貨膨脹50%或更多，但很多時在寬鬆上使用的比率會更低。多數的經濟學家認為的定義為「一個沒有任何平衡趨勢的通貨膨脹循環」。當越來越多的通膨現象隨著週期反覆發生會產生惡性循環。有關惡性通膨的肇因雖有很多爭議，可是當貨幣供給有異常的增加或錢幣大幅的貶值，且常與戰爭（或戰後）、經濟蕭條、及政治或社會動盪聯繫在一起時，惡性通膨便日益明顯。

Definition[edit]

Sweeping up the banknotes from the street after the Hungarian pengő was replaced in 1946.

In 1956, Phillip Cagan wrote The Monetary Dynamics of Hyperinflation, the book often regarded as the first serious study of hyperinflation and its effects^[4] (though The Economics of Inflation by C. Bresciani-Turroni on the German hyperinflation was published in Italian in 1931^[5]). In his book, Cagan defined a hyperinflationary episode as starting in the month that the monthly inflation rate exceeds 50%, and as ending when the monthly inflation rate drops below 50% and stays that way for at least a year.^[6] Economists usually follow Cagan’s description that hyperinflation occurs when the monthly inflation rate exceeds 50%.^[4]

Animal testing, Toxicology testing

Make-up lovers boycott Nars after it starts animal tests in China

BBC.CO.UK

Toxicology testing became important in the 20th century. In the 19th century, laws regulating drugs were more relaxed. For example, in the U.S., the government could only ban a drug after a company had been prosecuted for selling products that harmed customers. However, in response to the Elixir Sulfanilamide disaster of 1937 in which the eponymous drug killed more than 100 users, the U.S. congress passed laws that required safety testing of drugs on animals before they could be marketed. Other countries enacted similar legislation.^[36] In the 1960s, in reaction to the Thalidomide tragedy, further laws were passed requiring safety testing on pregnant animals before a drug can be sold.^[37]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_testing

facelift

Trump Under Fire for Mika Brzezinski ‘Face-Lift’ Tweet

By MICHAEL M. GRYNBAUM

President Trump assailed the television host Mika Brzezinski, saying she had been “bleeding badly from a face-lift” during a stay at Mar-a-Lago. The tweet was met with immediate criticism on social media.

Yale University Library 分享了 1 條連結。

Yale Set to Reopen Its Renovated Beinecke Rare Book & Manuscript Library

Its year-long $73 million renovation includes new climate-control systems and an exterior facelift.

WSJ.COM|由 BRENDA CRONIN 上傳

The Wall Street Journal

The Panama Canal can now accommodate vessels that are longer, wider and heavier than before, thanks to a new expansion that was nine years in the making. The facelift was crucial to compete in a world where ships are getting bigger and bigger.

face-lift 1934
face-lifting 1922

2007.8

Two National Museums Get a Pricey Facelift

This summer, the National Portrait Gallery and the American Art Museum will be reopened, and museum officials are hoping the building itself will be as big an attraction as the art inside. Web Extra: First Look Inside

「……我自己不對！留白不夠。
二ＯＯ五年編舞時頭腦想著張旭、懷素，一路往「狂」走。空間的留白照顧了。時間的留白琢磨得不夠。首演以來一直在大戲院演，舞台精力經過空間過濾，到了觀眾席有張力，無過分的壓力。像沙德勒之井的狀況沒發生過。
但是，好的編舞設計本身應該站得住腳，不能過度依賴舞者的詮釋，舞者累了，甚至用稍差一點的舞者來跳，在每個戲院仍然要發光。
「狂草」要拉皮！到巴塞隆納就動手！」

（林懷民 {自己的一把尺} (2007. 06. 21 倫敦‧英國)）

【拉皮】：去除臉部皺紋的手術。在耳朵前﹑髮鬚後將皮割開，把臉部的皮膚拉緊，切除掉多餘的皮膚再行縫合，刀痕可以用頭髮來掩飾。施行拉皮手術，最多可使人看起來年輕十歲左右，但時間一久照樣會老化。(教育部國語辭典)

我突然想到，這「拉皮」應該是 1922年開始用的” face-lifting”，經過十來年（1934）定形為” face-lift/facelift ”。

可是一般字典不收這「拉皮」的俗稱。而這樣解釋：

vt. (及物動詞 transitive verb)：1為(建築物,汽車等)作外觀上的改善 2給...整容

n. (名詞 noun)：整容;翻新;改裝

日文：美容整形; （自動車などの）モデルチェンジ; 改装.

facelift
noun
1 [C] a medical treatment which tightens loose skin to make the face look younger 拉臉皮

2 [S] treatment to improve something, for example a building, to make it look more attractive:
The bank is planning to give its 1930s building a complete facelift.

face-lift(ing)

美容整形; （自動車などの）モデルチェンジ; 改装.

facelift 

Pronunciation: /ˈfeɪslɪft/ 

NOUN

1A cosmetic surgical operation to remove unwanted wrinkles by tightening the skin of the face.

Example sentencesSynonyms

1.1A procedure carried out to improve the appearance of something:the station has undergone a multimillion pound facelift



A facelift, technically known as a rhytidectomy (from Ancient Greek ῥυτίς (rhytis) "wrinkle" + ἐκτομή (ektome) "excision", surgical removal of wrinkles), is a type of cosmetic surgery or facial toning procedure used to give a more youthful facial appearance. There are multiple surgical techniques and exercise routines. Surgery usually involves the removal of excess facial skin, with or without the tightening of underlying tissues, and the redraping of the skin on the patient's face and neck. Exercise routines tone underlying facial muscles without surgery. Surgical facelifts are effectively combined with eyelid surgery (blepharoplasty) and other facial procedures and are typically performed under general anesthesia or deep twilight sleep.

sex-bomb, Bombshell (sex symbol)

Dangerous Minds

18小時 · 

The seductive 1950s sex-bomb whose daring backless dresses inspired ‘Jessica Rabbit’

翻譯年糕

The seductive 1950s sex-bomb whose daring backless dresses inspired ‘Jessica Rabbit’

Actress and model Vikki Dougan clowning around at the Ringling Brothers…

DANGEROUSMINDS.NET

Bombshell (sex symbol)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Marilyn Monroe and Jane Russell

Brigitte Bardot in 1962.

Sophia Loren, "the Italian Bombshell".

The term bombshell is a forerunner to the term "sex symbol" and originally used to describe popular female sex icons. In modern usage, bombshell refers to a very attractive woman.^[1][2] The Online Etymology Dictionary by Douglas Harper attests the usage of the term in this meaning since 1942, and in the meaning of "shattering or devastating thing or event" since 1860.^[3]

Contents

  [hide] 

• 1History
• 2Stereotype
• 3See also
• 4References

History[edit]

The first woman to be known as a bombshell was Jean Harlow, who was nicknamed the "blonde bombshell" for her 1931 film Platinum Blonde.^[4][5][6][7] Two years later she starred in the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film Bombshell.^[4] One of the blurbs on posters was "Lovely, luscious, exotic Jean Harlow as the Blonde Bombshell of filmdom."^[8]

The epithet rose sharply in popularity after the death of Marilyn Monroe in 1962, and declined in popularity in late 1960s due to emerging ideological conflicts.^[9]

Hollywood soon took up the blonde bombshell, and then, during the late 1940s through the early 1960s, brunette, exotic, and ethnic versions (e.g., Jane Russell, Dorothy Dandridge, and Sophia Loren) were also cultivated as complements to, or as satellites of, the blonde bombshell.^[10]Some of the film stars, largely of 1940s–1960s, referred to as bombshells include Marilyn Monroe, Rita Hayworth, Diana Dors, Jayne Mansfield, Mamie Van Doren, Jane Russell, Ava Gardner, Carroll Baker, Brigitte Bardot, Kim Novak, Sophia Loren, Elizabeth Taylor, Ann-Margret, Veronica Lake, Raquel Welch, and Ursula Andress.^[9][11]

Stereotype[edit]

Bombshells are identified with hypersexuality, their curves, including hourglass figures and large breasts, sex appeal, larger than life personas,^[9] as well as stereotypes associated with blonde women and supermodels.^[9][10][12]

stereolithography. 3D printer

MIT Technology Review 和 OpenMind。

It was a night back in 1983 when this engineer woke up his wife to show her his new achievement: he managed to print a black plastic cup with a new technique he invented himself and that he called stereolithography. This is the amazing story of Charles Hull. (Partner content via BBVA OpenMind)

The 3D printer, an invention of the 1980s that triumphs 30 years later - OpenMind

The 3D printer is an invention that has taken 30 years to excel. His creator reviews the creation process in this article

BBVAOPENMIND.COM|作者：MATERIA

Bubble Wrap (brand)

Viewers will leave with their own lists of artists who should have made the cut. (Bonnard is on mine, though his absence is excused by the Metropolitan Museum’s current show of his late still lifes.) Some will also balk at the inclusion of Francis Alÿs, whose homage to Cézanne takes the form of a bubble-wrapped still life by the master. Ostensibly a substitute for the shimmering diffusion of form in Cézanne’s paintings, the plastic covering will strike most people as a cop-out.

Bubble Wrap (brand) - Wikipedia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubble_Wrap_(brand)

Bubble Wrap (originally Air Cap) is a trademarked brand of Sealed Air Corporation that includes numerous cushioning products made from bubble wrap.

Introduced‎: ‎1960

Owner‎: ‎Sealed Air Corporation