2018年12月28日 星期五

swine influenza, swine flu, hog flu, pig flu 豬流感






豚インフルエンザ（ぶたインフルエンザ、swine influenza, swine flu, hog flu, pig flu）とは、豚に感染するあらゆる型のインフルエンザ感染症を指す。豚由来インフルエンザ（swine-origin influenza virus, S-OIV）とも表記される。また、豚インフル、豚フルと略称されることがある。
ウイルスの種類は、オルトミクソウイルス科のC型インフルエンザウイルス（属）、およびA型インフルエンザウイルス（属） H1N1、H1N2、H2N1、H3N1、H3N2、H2N3などが確認されている。
初めて確認されたのは、2009年のメキシコであり、三種類の様々なウイルスが交配されたものによるとされている[2]。遺伝子の6つがN1N2型インフルエンザと類似しており、これは2000年ごろに豚の間で広まったものである[2]。





豚の場合の症状





維基百科，自由的百科全書
跳至導覽跳至搜尋
Disambig gray.svg  本條目介紹的是指H1N1流感病毒的毒株所引起的新流感。關於導致新流感的流感病毒，請見「甲型流感病毒H1N1亞型」。關於2009年在人類間爆發的資料，請見「2009年H1N1流感大流行」。
美國疾病控制中心實驗室用電子顯微鏡攝出的基因重組了的H1N1流感病毒圖像。該病毒直徑為80-120奈米[1]。
豬流感（英語：Swine influenza），亦稱食用豬流感，是指那些通常感染豬的流感病毒（稱為豬流感病毒或SIV）的毒株引起的流感[2]。豬流感常見於美國的中西部（偶而也發生在其他州）、墨西哥、加拿大、南美、歐洲（包括英國、瑞典和義大利）的豬流感毒株都是C型流感病毒以及被稱為H1N1、H1N2、H3N1、H3N2和H2N3的A型流感之亞型病毒的毒株。
豬流感病毒經由豬傳播到人並不常見。當傳播給人時，並非總是引起人流感，而常常唯一的感染徵候是可由實驗室檢測到的抗體的存在。當傳播導致人流感時，這叫做人畜互傳豬流感。在豬群中工作的人們，尤其是不穿戴防護衣物頻繁接觸豬群的人們，有被傳染上豬流感的危險。但妥當地煮熟了的動物肉不會有傳播病毒的危險。二十世紀中期出現了亞型流感病毒的鑑定技術，使豬傳人的情況能夠被準確地鑑定出來。那之後，記錄了大約50宗這樣的傳播。這些豬流感毒株極少在人和人之間傳播。在人方面，豬流感的症狀和一般流感症狀相似，即發冷、發熱、喉痛、肌肉痛、嚴重頭疼、咳嗽、虛弱和一般的不舒服。
2009年在人類間爆發的流行性感冒俗稱「豬流感」；它是由一種帶有和豬流感有密切關係的基因的A型流感病毒H1N1亞型新變種引致的[3]。這種新病毒的源頭仍未查出。根據世界動物衛生組織（OIE）的報告，這種亞型病毒還沒曾在豬隻中提取出來過[4]。它可以人傳人[5]，造成和一般流感相似的症狀[6]。
豬隻可以被人類流感傳染；這在1918年和2009年的流感疫潮期間都曾發生過。
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2018年12月27日 星期四

Concorde, supersonic

Faster planes could prove a supersonic boon for time-pressed travellers. One of our most popular Gulliver stories over the past year
關於這個網站
ECONOMIST.COM
Supersonic jets may be about to make a comeback
Reinventing Concorde

在協和式客機完成告別飛行，退役10週年之際，喬納森·葛蘭西向這架最為光彩奪目的飛機致敬，稱其為20世紀的標誌之一。 
http://bbc.in/2ik2ie3






Concorde
PROPER NOUN
  • A supersonic airliner able to cruise at twice the speed of sound. Produced through Anglo-French cooperation, it made its maiden flight in 1969 and was taken out of service in 2003.
BBC 中文網（繁體）
你坐過協和式飛機嗎？被譽為20世紀的標誌之一，協和式客機已經退役10年，但仍為人所懷念，是什麼讓它成為設計經典？
http://bbc.in/2frI2GZ

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2018年12月26日 星期三

supernova, Saturnalian delights



‘We take the singing angels, the gift-bearing kings, the star, but forget Joseph’s psychological torture and the fear and panic caused by Herod’s massacre of the Bethlehem children. One or both may be fictive, but they belong to the story as much as the happy shepherds and the gift-laden tree. A moment spent on thought about them might even enhance our Saturnalian delights.’
關於這個網站
LRB.CO.UK
LRB · Frank Kermode · Was it a supernova?



From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigationJump to search
For other uses, see Supernova (disambiguation).
SN 1994D (bright spot on the lower left), a Type Ia supernova outshining its home galaxy, NGC 4526
A supernova (/ˌsuːpərnoʊvə/ plural: supernovae /ˌsuːpərnoʊviː/ or supernovas, abbreviations: SN and SNe) is an event that occurs upon the death of certain types of stars.
Supernovae are more energetic than novae. In Latin, nova means "new", referring astronomically to what appears to be a temporary new bright star. Adding the prefix "super-" distinguishes supernovae from ordinary novae, which are far less luminous. The word supernova was coined by Walter Baade and Fritz Zwicky in 1931.[1]
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2018年12月24日 星期一

guinea pig



guinea pig

NOUN

  • 1A tailless South American rodent of the cavy family. Originally raised for food, it no longer occurs in the wild and is now typically kept as a pet or for laboratory research.
    Cavia porcellus, family Caviidae
  • 2A person or thing used as a subject for experiment.
    ‘we were used as guinea pigs to test the effects of radiation on human beings’
    ‘the school is a guinea pig for the national initiative’

Origin

Mid 17th century: from Guinea + pig; the term Guinea was probably a designation for an unknown distant country. Use in guinea pig (sense 2) arose in the 1920s in reference to the animal's use in laboratory research.
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techlash





Silicon Valley, we have a problem. Our warning against the techlash was one of our most popular briefings of the past year


關於這個網站

ECONOMIST.COM

The techlash against Amazon, Facebook and Google—and what they can do




What does the 'techlash' mean? - Quora

https://www.quora.com/What-does-the-techlash-mean - 
Fundamentally, a techlash is a modern term coined by The Economist, that describes a hypothetical backlash of omnipotent tech companies, such as Google or Facebook. In this scenario, Silicon Valley giants could potentially have their ...




Netflix does not rely on selling your data or your attention to outsiders. Instead, it enters into a clear exchange: a monthly fee in return for high-quality television


ECONOMIST.COM

How Netflix skipped the techlash
From Making a Murderer to making a killing
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2018年12月22日 星期六

input, output, throughput, throughout time,

你捐書給某大學，他們花半年時間才將書上架，這時我們說該圖書處的此次系統的
throughout time 為6個月。

2016

Taiwan says February refinery throughput up 11 pct
Reuters
SINGAPORE, April 11 (Reuters) - Taiwan's refinery throughout for February climbed 11.2 percent from the previous month to 25.5 million barrels, or about 880000 barrels per day, government data showed on Wednesday, as refineries came back online after ...

原先 :投入（Input）、過程（Throughput），以及產出（Output）



throughput,


NOUN

The amount of material or items passing through a system or process:fast data throughputa weekly throughput of 200,000 shoppersfalling throughput and rising production costs
n.
Output or production, as of a computer program, over a period of time.

【コンピュータ】（コンピュータの）処理能力.throughput crime　【コンピュータ】（プログラム）処理変更犯罪.
Rate of production of a defined process over a stated period of time. Throughput can be measured in either financial or nonfinancial terms (for example, cash flows generated from selling products or services to customers, units of products, batches produced, dollar turnover, or other meaningful measurements. Components of throughput include Manufacturing Cycle Efficiency, process productivity, and process quality yield.

input 

Pronunciation: /ˈɪnpʊt/ 


NOUN

1[MASS NOUN] What is put in, taken in, or operated on by any process or system:there is little input from other members of the teamdata input
More example sentences
1.1A contribution of work or information:her input on issues was appreciated
More example sentences
1.2Energy supplied to a device or system; an electrical signal:the input is a low-frequency signal
More example sentences
1.3The action of putting something in:the input of data to the system
More example sentences
1.4The information put into a computer.  1946
Example sentencesSynonyms
2Electronics A place where, or a device through which, energy or information enters a system:the signal being fed through the main input
More example sentences

VERB (inputs, inputting; past and past participle input or inputted)

[WITH OBJECT]
Put (data) into a computer:test results can be inputted by the technician in the laboratory
More example sentencesSynonyms

output 

Pronunciation: /ˈaʊtpʊt/ 


NOUN

1[MASS NOUN] The amount of something produced by a person, machine, or industry:output from the mine ceased in May[COUNT NOUN]: efficiency can lead to higher outputs
More example sentencesSynonyms
1.1The action or process of producing something:the output of certain hormones under stress
More example sentences
1.2The power, energy, or other results supplied by a device or system:high voltage output: 50-250 amps
More example sentences
2Electronics A place where power or information leaves a system.
Example sentences

VERB (outputs, outputting; past and past participle output or outputted)

[WITH OBJECT]
(Of a computer or other device) produce, deliver, or supply (data):you can output the image directly to a video recording system
More example sentences

Derivatives


outputter

NOUN


throughput 

Pronunciation: /ˈθruːpʊt/ 


NOUN

The amount of material or items passing through a system or process:fast data throughputa weekly throughput of 200,000 shoppersfalling throughput and rising production costs
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