2020年9月20日 星期日

lava lamp

 

In Raphael’s hands, he becomes a kind of lava lamp of identity in which the philosopher, the painter, and the epitome of doubting-all-you-see mingle and merge into one



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熔岩燈

熔岩燈英語:Lava lamp)又稱為蠟燈、水母燈。名字源於其內不定形狀的滴的緩慢流動,讓人聯想到熔岩的流動。熔岩燈有多種形狀和顏色。

歷史[編輯]

在1963年由英國工程師愛德華·克雷文·沃克(Edward Craven Walker)發明,設計靈感源自雞蛋時針

設計與工作原理[編輯]

熔岩燈的物理原理非常簡單,由底座和密封玻璃瓶組成。底座最初時候是加熱絲,現今改為較大功率的射燈,密封玻璃瓶是由硼矽酸鹽玻璃製成,其內是透明的液體,以及半透明的

室溫下蠟的密度略高於液體,然而加熱後又略低於液體。通電後,底座內的燈泡加熱密封玻璃瓶,將熱量傳遞給蠟塊,瓶內的蠟塊融化而浮上水面,因漸漸冷卻而沉入瓶底,周而復始造成變化的光影效果。

發展[編輯]

一盞藍色的熔岩燈。

熔岩燈於1963年投放市場,儘管低科技,但光影效果卻迷幻萬千。投放市場後隨即成為大學宿舍、公司辦公室、時尚家居生活的必備裝飾燈。被沃克稱為「買上一個,你再也不需要毒品」(If you buy my lamp, you won't need drugs)的神奇物品。

熔岩燈發展至今天,由於加熱方式、玻璃工藝的提高,已經擁有了超過200種的顏色、尺寸和形狀。既有傳統的油燈形狀。也有芳香作用的香熏熔岩燈。

中國南部有工廠在生產熔岩燈的代工產品和仿製品,售價極其低廉,甚至1.5英尺高的熔岩燈售價不足10美元。但仿製品的配方有一定差異,生產成本很低,效果有一些差異。

在上世紀70-80年代,隨著網際網路的發展,熔岩燈的銷量開始下滑。由 Cressida Granger改造後,在2000年再度領導時尚風潮。正像愛德華·克雷文·沃克談到他的燈時所說的:「它會持續流行,正如生活循環,它上升、破裂、落下,然後一切又重新開始。(I think it will always be popular. It's like the cycle of life. It grows, breaks up, falls down and then starts all over again)」

在美國谷歌公司的總部門廳,也擺著幾盞熔岩燈。

2020年9月8日 星期二

McCarthyism, Joseph McCarthy (1908~57)

Herbert Block, who signed his work "Herblock," coined the term "McCarthyism" in this cartoon in the March 29, 1950, Washington Post.

In the McCarthy era, some Yalies in power fought the senator. Others were his outspoken supporters. And some had their doubts—but found reasons to go along.

McCarthyism is the practice of making accusations of subversion or treason without proper regard for evidence. The term refers to U.S. senator Joseph McCarthy (R-Wisconsin) and has its origins in the period in the United States known as the Second Red Scare, lasting from the late 1940s through the 1950s.

Joseph Raymond McCarthy (November 14, 1908 – May 2, 1957) was an American politician who served as a Republican U.S. Senator from the state of Wisconsin from 1947 until his death in 1957. Beginning in 1950, McCarthy became the most visible public face of a period in the United States in which Cold War tensions fueled fears of widespread communist subversion.[1] He is known for alleging that numerous communists and Soviet spies and sympathizers had infiltrated the United States federal government, universities, film industry,[2][3] and elsewhere. Ultimately, the smear tactics that he used led him to be censured by the U.S. Senate. The term "McCarthyism", coined in 1950 in reference to McCarthy's practices, was soon applied to similar anti-communist activities. Today, the term is used more broadly to mean demagogic, reckless, and unsubstantiated accusations, as well as public attacks on the character or patriotism of political opponents.[4][5]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy