2018年12月22日 星期六

The Rise and Rise of Ketamine 氯胺酮


Medium
7小時
Ketamine is dangerous when abused. But it has also been shown to treat depression and alcoholism in people for whom no other treatment has worked.
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2016
Is ketamine the new "bottled sunshine"?
Novel ketamine-related treatments are emerging
ECONOMIST.COM






此外,注射低劑量的K他命,能夠快速改善憂鬱症,藥效能維持數天至兩週[8];目前的憂鬱症藥物需要長期服用才可能有效,許多人還需要耐心的測試及更換藥物才能見效,甚至有過高比例的患者對所有的藥物都沒反應,K他命沒有這些問題。未來K他命或類似K他命的藥品有機會成為合法的憂鬱症用藥。2016年的研究指出抗抑鬱效果可能來自其代謝物(2S,6S;2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK)[9]



氯胺酮英語:Ketamine),俗稱K仔K粉K他命克他命愷他命,在台灣,經常被稱為褲子(相對於衣,衣代表的是 Ecstasy 的第一個字母)、下面(相對於穿在上面的衣服),一種非鴉片系麻醉藥物。日常所見的氯胺酮產品的主要成份是鹽酸氯胺酮,化學式為C13H16ClNO・HCl,分子量是274.19。它在常溫常壓之下呈白色粉末狀固體物質熔點為266度、不燃性。pH值3.5~5.5,水溶液酸性
由於藥理跟鎮咳藥物麻醉鎮靜劑環烴六胺(俗稱天使塵)相似,對人類的副作用較為大,通常為獸醫採用作麻醉用途;不過氯胺酮亦有在治療狂犬病的「密爾沃基療法」使用,以抑制狂犬病病毒的作用[1]。 在2000年代後期開始,一些歌舞廳等娛樂場所中發現了K粉的濫用跡象,在許多國家中皆列為管制性藥品。濫用K他命最為人知的痛苦副作用是導致膀胱纖維化。

2018年12月21日 星期五

The Consumer Electronics Hall of Fame: Sony Trinitron

Introduced in 1968, the Sony Trinitron was an instant hit. In 1973, it became the first consumer electronics device to win an Emmy. And now, we’ve named it one of the best gadgets of all time.

2018年12月20日 星期四

breathalyser 1960, "potalyzer", drive drunk, Cheap Lung Cancer Screening Breathalyzer

Eighteen-year-old Zheng Xin Yong, from Malaysia, was stunned when he learned his nonsmoking math teacher had advanced lung cancer. That’s why, for his Google Science Fair project, he set out to develop a low-cost, easy-to-use screening test for early stage lung cancer.


Finalist hopes his research increases the rate of lung cancer screening and reduces the use of CT scans
SPECTRUM.IEEE.ORG




Developed by Stanford engineers, the "potalyzer" is a roadside test for marijuana intoxication that applies magnetic nanotechnology.

As the breathalyzer does for alcohol, this experimental ‘potalyzer’ could…
NEWS.STANFORD.EDU|由 STANFORD UNIVERSITY 上傳


Inventive ways of dodging Nairobi's new breathalysers may be amusing. The consequences are not



Clever tricks for beating the breathalyser (but not death)
ECONOMIST.COM


drive drunk 酒駕

 breathalyser 1960,之前有 drunkometer 1934;intoximeter 1950


"potalyzer",
potalyzer
pot+ alyser



breathalyser 

Pronunciation: /ˈbrɛθəlʌɪzə/ 

(also trademarkbreathalyzer)


NOUN

A device used by police for measuring the amount of alcohol in a driver’s breath:[AS MODIFIER]: a breathalyser test proved negative



Origin

1960s: blend of breath and analyse-er1.

2018年12月19日 星期三

Yoda;時報記者將計算機科學大師高德納(Donald Knuth)比作“矽谷的尤達大師”( The Yoda of Silicon Valley )。

  每日一詞 :Yoda |矽谷的尤達大師
在本週的一篇人物特寫中,時報記者將計算機科學大師高德納(Donald Knuth)比作“矽谷的尤達大師”( The Yoda of Silicon Valley )。他與尤達大師略有相似之處——儘管他身高1米93,還戴著眼鏡。
根據牛津在線詞典, Yoda一詞常被用來指稱能體現尤達特徵的人,特別是指有智慧的老人、聖人或大師。尤達是電影《星球大戰》中充滿傳奇色彩的絕地武士,身材矮小卻聰明有力。據稱,他的名字來自梵語詞yod​​dha,意為“戰士”;另一說是來自希伯來語中的yodea,意為“知道的人”。還有另一個說法是,尤達來自於瑜伽(Yoga)一詞。
高德納鑽研計算機程序的奧秘,將研究心血寫成《計算機程序設計藝術》,這套著作被譽為塑造上個世紀科學的書籍。從這個層面上說,高德納的確是一位算法領域的Yoda。


Yoda
Star Wars character
Yoda Empire Strikes Back.png
First appearanceThe Empire Strikes Back (1980)
Created byGeorge Lucas
Voiced by
show
Other:
Performed by
Frank Oz (lead puppeteer, Episodes IV–VIVIII)
show
Other:
Information
Full nameYoda
SpeciesUnknown
GenderMale
OccupationJedi Master
AffiliationJedi Order
Galactic Republic
TitleGrand Master of the Jedi Order (Episodes I-VI)
Member of the High Jedi Council (Episodes I-III)
General in the Grand Army of the Republic (Episodes II-III)
Yoda (/ˈjdə/) is a fictional character in the Star Wars franchise created by George Lucas, first appearing in the 1980 film The Empire Strikes Back. In the original films, he trains Luke Skywalker to fight against the Galactic Empire. In the prequel films, he serves as the Grand Master of the Jedi Order and as a high-ranking general of Clone Troopers in the Clone Wars. Before his death in Return of the Jedi at the age of 900, Yoda was the oldest living character in the Star Wars franchise in canon, until the introduction of Maz Kanata in The Force Awakens.

Concept and creation

Frank Oz provided Yoda's voice in each film and used his skills as a puppeteer in the original trilogy and Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace. For some walking scenes in Episodes V and I, dwarf actors Deep Roy and Warwick Davis appeared in costume as Yoda (though neither was credited). While Frank Oz served as the primary performer, he was assisted by a multitude of other puppeteers, including:[5] Kathryn Mullen (Ep. V), Wendy Froud (Ep. V), David Barclay (Ep. V-VI), Mike Quinn (Ep. VI), David Greenaway (Ep. I & VI), Don Austen (Ep. I), and Kathy Smee (Ep. I). For the radio dramatizations of The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi, Yoda was voiced by John Lithgow, while Tom Kane voiced him in the Clone Wars animated series, several video games, and the series Star Wars: The Clone Wars. George Lucas had originally conceived of Yoda's full name as being "Minch Yoda" before shortening it.[6]
The make-up artist Stuart Freeborn based Yoda's face partly on his own and partly on Albert Einstein's.[7][8][9][10] In The Phantom Menace, he was redesigned to look younger. He was computer-generated for two distant shots, but remained mostly a puppet.[11] The puppet was re-designed by Nick Dudman from Stuart Freeborn's original design.
Rendered with computer animation in Star Wars: Episode II – Attack of the Clones and Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith, Yoda appeared in ways not previously possible, including his participation in elaborate fight scenes. In Revenge of the Sith, his face appears in several big close-ups, demanding highly detailed CGI work. His performance was deliberately designed to be consistent with the limitations of the puppet version, with some "mistakes" made such as the occasional ear-jiggling.[citation needed] Rob Coleman was responsible for the character's new incarnation to the series.
Yoda was recreated in CGI for the 2011 Blu-ray release of The Phantom Menace.[12] A clip of the new CG Yoda from The Phantom Menace was first seen in the featurette The Chosen One, included in the 2005 DVD release of Revenge of the Sith.[13] The 2012 theatrical 3D release of The Phantom Menace also features the CG version of Yoda.