2018年11月29日 星期四

“The Clinton Affair” docuseries



Monica Lewinsky explains, in her own words, why she decided to participate in “The Clinton Affair” docuseries and what she would tell Hillary Clinton if she ran into her.


docuseries

NOUN

  • A television series that follows a particular person or group of people and their involvement in real events and situations over a period of time.
    ‘a docuseries about the New York City Ballet’
    ‘a four-part docuseries chronicling his participation in France's legendary 24-hour race, Le Mans’

Origin

1980s: from docu- + series.

probiotics 益生菌, plant probiotics

It’s like kefir for plants. And it could clean up the planet, too.





Probiotics are live bacteria and yeasts that are good for you, especially your digestive system. We usually think of these as germs that cause diseases. But your body is full of bacteria, both good and bad.Probiotics are often called "good" or "helpful" bacteria because they help keep your gut healthy.Jun 25, 2018

Nov 25, 2015 - If you’re vegan or vegetarian, here’s what you need to know about plant-based probiotics and gut health. ... Probiotics are live bacteria that contribute to a healthy gut environment—our very own community of health-promoting microbes. Prebiotics are fermentable fibers that serve ...



An October 2001 report by the World Health Organization (WHO) defines probiotics as live microorganisms that, "when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host."[16][4] Following this definition, a working group convened by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/WHO in May 2002 issued the Guidelines for the Evaluation of Probiotics in Food.[17] A consensus definition of the term probiotics, based on available information and scientific evidence, was adopted after the aforementioned joint expert consultation between the FAO of the United Nations and the WHO. This effort was accompanied by local governmental and supra-governmental regulatory bodies' requirements to better characterize health claims substantiations.



益生菌(Probiotics)是指一般認為食入後對宿主(如動物或人類)有正面效益的食入性微生物[1][2][3]
在醫學上,目前科學證據無法顯示益生菌的使用有助於改善免疫系統、改善腸道健康、緩解便秘及預防感冒等健康支持作用[3][4][5],美國聯邦貿易委員會也不允許這類宣稱療效的廣告[6]
益生菌一般來說是安全的,但在極少數個案中可能造成細菌-宿主交互作用及不良反應[7][8][9]
有研究人員認為若在抗生素治療後服用益生菌會阻礙腸道微生物組的恢復。[10][11]

定義[編輯]

益生菌(Probiotics),源於希臘語「for life」(對生命有益),中文譯為「益生菌」或「原生保健性菌種」;而益生菌主要是指乳酸菌部分酵母菌

歷史[編輯]

根據歷史記載,人類最早食用的益生菌是來自於酸奶(優酪乳),早在西元前3000多年前,居住在土耳其高原的古代遊牧民族就已經製作和飲用酸奶了。最初的酸奶可能起源於偶然的機會。那時羊奶存放時經常會變質,是由於不良細菌污染了羊奶所致,但是有一次空氣中酸奶的乳酸菌偶然進入羊奶,這些益菌使羊奶發生了類似於腸胃道內的變化,變得更為酸甜適口了,這就是最早的酸奶。
西元前2000多年前,在希臘東北部和保加利亞地區生息的古代色雷斯人也掌握了酸奶的製作技術。他們最初使用的也是羊奶。後來,酸奶技術被古希臘人傳到了歐洲的其他地方。
20世紀初,俄國科學家埃黎耶·埃黎赫·梅契尼可夫(Élie Metchnikoff)在研究保加利亞人為何長壽者較多的現象時,發現這些長壽者都愛喝酸奶,而提出發酵後的乳類中所含的乳酸菌對人體健康有益理論。
梅契尼可夫的研究成果使一位西班牙商人艾薩克·卡拉索受到啟發,於1919年建立酸奶製造廠(現今的達能集團),把酸奶當作一種具有藥物作用的「長壽飲料」放在藥房銷售。第二次世界大戰爆發後,卡拉索於美國又建了一座酸奶廠。

益生菌的食物[編輯]

益生元,又稱益生質、益菌生,就是益生菌的食物,通常是人類所不能消化,但是細菌卻可以從中提取養分(或者是促進生長的環境也算),益生質能夠促進腸胃道益生菌的繁衍。

常見菌種[編輯]

一般所稱「乳酸菌」是指能利用碳水化合物進行發酵生產多量乳酸之細菌總稱,為一相當龐雜的菌群,近年來經由科技及分子生物學的不斷發展,目前普遍認為的乳酸菌已由早期的4個(genus)再細分及擴充為17個273個(species):
  1. 腸球菌屬(Enterococcus)
  2. 乳桿菌屬(Lactobacillus)
  3. 芽孢桿菌屬(Bacillus)
  4. 梭菌屬(Clostridium)
  5. 乳酸球菌屬(Lactococcus lactis)
  6. 明串球菌屬(Leuconostoc)
  7. 足球菌屬(Pediococcus)
  8. 肉品桿菌屬(Carnobacterium)
  9. 徘徊球菌屬(Vagococcus)
  10. 四體球菌屬(Tetragenococcus)
  11. 雙歧桿菌屬(Bifidobacterium)
  12. 阿托波菌屬(Atopobium)
  13. 魏斯氏菌屬(Weissella)
  14. 貧養菌屬(Abiotrophia)
  15. 顆粒鏈菌屬(Granulicatella)
  16. 酒球菌屬(Oenococcus)
  17. 副乳桿菌屬(Paralactobacillus)
此外,益生菌還包括酵母屬Saccharomyces)的布拉酵母菌種(Saccharomyces boulardii)。

2018年11月25日 星期日

herbert

herbert

NOUN

British 
informal 
  • An undistinguished or foolish man or youth.
    ‘a bunch of spotty herberts’

Origin

1960s: the male given name Herbert.

de Bono, Lateral thinking; operacy


de Bono所造的新字/詞中,"Lateral thinking"維Oxford English Dictionary所收入。
他另創的 "operacy" (或譯為"實行力",據de Bono, 模仿"識讀字能力literacy"等,似乎尚未脫離"私字"......




operacy
 n.— «In fact, argument and criticism—the tools of philosophers and thinkers in any serious field of knowledge—are to be dispensed with in the de Bono outlook, since they apparently lead to a “dangerous arrogance.” Instead, de Bono wants us to focus on positive, creative thinking and, as he calls it, “operacy.” By “operacy,” he means “the skills of doing.” He warns us: “On a personal level, youngsters who do not acquire the skills of operacy will need to remain in an academic setting.”» —“I’d like to teach the world to think…“ by David Perks Spiked (United Kingdom) Apr. 23, 2008. (source: Double-Tongued Dictionary)
TAGGED WITH →  • 



****
Lateral thinking is solving problems through an indirect and creative approach, using reasoning that is not immediately obvious and involving ideas that may not be obtainable by using only traditional step-by-step logic.[1]The term was promulgated in 1967 by Edward de Bono. He cites as an example the Judgment of Solomon, where King Solomon resolves a dispute over the parentage of a child by calling for the child to be cut in half, and making his judgment according to the reactions that this order receives.[2] Edward de Bono also links lateral thinking with humour, arguing there's a switchover from a familiar pattern to a new, unexpected one. It is in this moment of surprise that generates laughter and new insight which demonstrates an ability to see a different thought pattern that initially was not obvious.[3]
According to de Bono, lateral thinking deliberately distances itself from the standard perception of creativity as "vertical" logic (the classic method for problem solving).

2018年11月20日 星期二

birther


或多或少,你也許曾聽說過這樣的傳聞:美國前總統歐巴馬並非出生在美國夏威夷,而是出生在肯亞,又或者歐巴馬童年時是一名印尼人。
這些在政界、民間遊走的傳聞,都源於「birther」。
「Birther」的意思是「歐巴馬出生地質疑者」。2009年將其收錄的牛津詞典這樣定義它:那些贊同或宣傳美國前總統歐巴馬並非出生在美國,故而根據憲法不具備擔任總統資格的錯誤觀點的人。
「birther」們的邏輯是,既然歐巴馬出生於他國、並非美國的「天生公民」,也就不符合美國總統候選人的必備條件(天生公民、年滿35歲、在美國居住至少14年)。除了「birther」一詞,這個懷疑論群體還發展出了「birtherism」(歐巴馬出生地質疑主義),用於表達他們的信念。


CNN Anchors Have Finally Had It With Donald Trump’s Lies

They really got riled up about his birther-announcement fiasco.



It’s great to be an American, at last,” the President said.
NEWYORKER.COM|由 ANDY BOROWITZ 上傳

The Borowitz Report: The President, who had to halt several times during his remarks to compose himself, praised the Republican Presidential nominee for “never giving up” in his quest to prove that Obama was born in the U.S.
 birther noun. informal. A person who doubts the legitimacy of Barack Obama's presidency because of a conspiracy theory that Obama is not a natural-born US citizen.

birther - definition of birther in English | Oxford Dictionaries

https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/us/birther

2018年11月16日 星期五

juuling



Juul has agreed to pull its flavoured nicotine liquids off the shelves to help curb under-age use. But that may not be enough to assuage regulators

Sep 12, 2018 - According to a new press announcement from the FDA, juuling (and e-cigarette use in general) has reached epidemic proportions, among ...


assuage
/əˈsweɪdʒ/
verb
  1. make (an unpleasant feeling) less intense.
    "the letter assuaged the fears of most members"
    • satisfy (an appetite or desire).
      "an opportunity occurred to assuage her desire for knowledge"