2020年1月5日 星期日

【# On Language 國際週報】008;cyberwar, cyberwarfare, Information security

Cyberwar Against WikiLeaks? Good Luck With That -- Fri, 13 Aug 2010 23:30:00 GMT2010-08-13T23:30:00Z A Washington Post columnist says Obama should use the government's "cyber" capabilities to take down WikiLeaks. Here's why that won't work.
1. Bring from a higher position to a lower one, as in After the sale they took down all the signs[c. 1300]
2. Take apart, dismantle, as in They took down the scaffolding[Mid-1500s]
3. Humble or humiliate; see take down a notch.
4. Record in writing, as in Please take down all these price quotations[Early 1700s]




Cyberwarfare is the use of technology to attack a nation, causing comparable harm to actual warfare. 'Cyberwarfare' does not imply scale, protraction or violence which are typically associated with the term 'war'. There is significant debate ...


How Russia Recruited Elite Hackers for Its Cyberwar
By ANDREW E. KRAMER
The government scouted a range of civilian programmers, even criminals, in recent years while expanding its cyberwarfare abilities.




Iran Is Big on Cyberwarfare. How Does That Work?By
Jordan Robertson and
Laurence Arnold
2018年5月11日 下午12:00 [GMT+8] Updated on 2020年1月3日 下午11:35 [GMT+8]
From


Iran is among the world’s more active practitioners of cyberwarfare, or state-sponsored attacks on computer networks and the myriad activities they guide. With Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei vowing “severe retaliation” for the U.S. airstrike in Baghdad that killed one of the country’s top commanders, Qassem Soleimani, there’s concern that cyberattacks could rise. Then again, it’s hard to know when and where cyberwarfare occurs, and by whom.
1. What is cyberwarfare?

Generally speaking, the term is applied to a computer-based attack that has the backing of one nation with the intent of hurting another. Unlike cyberattacks by individuals, cyberwarfare “is typically conceptualized as state-on-state action equivalent to an armed attack or use of force in cyberspace that may trigger a military response,” the U.S. Congressional Research Service said in a 2015 report.




Cyberwarfare is the use of technology to attack a nation, causing comparable harm to actual warfare.[1] ‘Cyberwarfare’ does not imply scale, protraction or violence which are typically associated with the term ‘war’.[2] There is significant debate among experts regarding the definition of cyberwarfare, and even if such a thing exists.[3] The term ‘Cyberwarfare’ is a misnomer, to date no offensive cyber actions could be described as ‘war’. Offensive cyber actions, such as those in Estonia in 2007Georgia in 2008Iran in 2010, North Korea[4] have occurred in the context of international relations, only resulting in condemnation and denial by sides.[2]
Cyberwarfare may not meet the typical definition of the term war, however, many states including the United StatesUnited KingdomRussiaIndiaChinaIsraelIran, and North Korea.[5][6][7] have active cyber operations for offensive and defensive operations. As states explore the use of cyber operations and combine capabilities the likelihood of physical confrontation and violence playing out as a result of, or part of, a cyber operation is increased. However, meeting the scale and protracted nature of war is unlikely, thus ambiguity remains.[2]
The first instance of kinetic military action used in response to a cyber-attack resulting in the loss of human life was observed on May 5, 2019, when the Israel Defense Forces targeted and destroyed a building associated with an on-going cyber-attack.[8][9]

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