Gaslighting

By demanding that Elizabeth Warren disguise her exceptional talents, we are asking her to lose. Thankfully, she’s not listening.



關於這個網站

MEDIUM.COM

The Media Gaslighting of 2020’s Most Likable Candidate - Medium

ガスライティング（英: gaslighting）は心理的虐待の一種であり、被害者にわざと誤った情報を提示し、被害者が自身の記憶、知覚、正気を疑うよう仕向ける手法^[1]。例としては、嫌がらせの事実を加害者側が否定してみせるという単純なものから、被害者を当惑させるために奇妙なハプニングを起こして見せるといったものまである。

「ガスライティング」という名は、『ガス燈』という演劇（およびそれを映画化したもの）にちなんでいる。現在この用語は、臨床および学術研究論文でも使われている^[2][3]。

Gaslighting is a form of psychological manipulation in which a person seeks to sow seeds of doubt in a targeted individual or in members of a targeted group, making them question their own memory, perception, and sanity. Using persistent denial, misdirection, contradiction, and lying, gaslighting involves attempts to destabilize the victim and delegitimize the victim's belief.^[1][2]

Instances may range from the denial by an abuser that previous abusive incidents ever occurred to the staging of bizarre events by the abuser with the intention of disorienting the victim. The term originated from the 1938 Patrick Hamilton play Gaslight and its 1940 and 1944 film adaptations, in which the gas-fueled lights in a character's home are dimmed when he turns the attic lights brighter while he searches the attic at night. He convinces his wife that she is imagining the change. The term has been used in clinical and research literature,^[3][4] as well as in political commentary.^[5][6]

Contents

• 1Etymology
• 2Usage
• 3In psychiatry
• 4In politics
• 5In romantic relationships
• 6In the workplace
• 7In fiction
• 8See also
• 9References
• 10Further reading
• 11External links

Etymology[edit]

Ingrid Bergman in the 1944 film Gaslight

The term originates in the systematic psychological manipulation of a victim by her husband in the 1938 stage play Gaslight, known as Angel Street in the United States, and the film adaptations released in 1940 and 1944.^[7] In the story, a husband attempts to convince his wife and others that she is insane by manipulating small elements of their environment and insisting that she is mistaken, remembering things incorrectly, or delusional when she points out these changes. The play's title alludes to the dimming of the gas lights in the house while the husband was using the gas lights in the sealed-off attic to search for jewels belonging to a woman whom he had murdered. The wife complains about the dimming lights to her husband, but he insists that she merely imagined it.^{[citation needed]}

The term "gaslighting" has been used colloquially since the 1960s^[8] to describe efforts to manipulate someone's perception of reality. The term has been used to describe such behaviour in psychoanalytic literature since the 1970s.^[9] In a 1980 book on child sexual abuse, Florence Rush summarized George Cukor's Gaslight (1944) based on the play and wrote, "even today the word [gaslighting] is used to describe an attempt to destroy another's perception of reality."^[10]