brainstorm. hacking, hacker, cracker, lifehack, growth hacker

上世紀50年代，“hacking”一詞最早出現在與麻省理工學院(MIT)一個電腦俱樂部有關的語境。當時它只是指鼓搗電腦，帶有榮譽勳章的涵義。然而，上世紀80年代，當媒體開始報導“hacker”（黑客）時，其語境通常是犯罪行為，這種聯繫已經固化。有那麼一段時間，曾有人企圖將黑客和“潰客”(cracker)區分開來。由黑客轉型的科技報導記者J• M• 潑盧浦(JM Porup)在Motherboard網站上撰文寫道：“那些安分、守法、愛動手做東西的編程者自稱黑客。我們說，黑客是做東西的，而潰客是砸爛東西的。”不過，這種區分往往並不被人認真對待。

最重要的是，如今“黑客”是個令人迷惑的詞彙。從竊取信用卡資料的俄羅斯犯罪團伙成員，到網上政治活動人士，以及鼓搗電腦的14歲孩子，都是“黑客”，然而他們每個人做事的動機和手頭擁有的資源極為不同。

與此同時，企業舉辦“黑客日”(hack day)和“黑客松”(hackathon)之類的活動，其間借助“頭腦風暴” brainstorming捕捉業務上的創意；女性雜誌的提示技巧欄目已被重新包裝為“生活破解”(lifehack)；而那些過去被稱為廣告主管的人如今自稱“增長黑客”(growth hacker)。

http://www.ftchinese.com/story/001067942#s=d

brainstorm 

Pronunciation: /ˈbreɪnstɔːm/ 

NOUN

1British informal A moment in which one is suddenly unable to think clearly or act sensibly:we can only assume that someone simply had a brainstorm and left the important bits out

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2A spontaneous group discussion to produce ideas and ways of solving problems:the participants held a brainstorm[AS MODIFIER]: brainstorm exercises

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2.1North American informal A sudden clever idea:these three brainstorms may flop like other well-intentioned innovations

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VERB

[NO OBJECT]

Hold a group discussion to produce ideas:(as noun modifier brainstorming) a brainstorming session

hack 1 

Pronunciation: /hak/ 

VERB

1[WITH OBJECT] Cut with rough or heavy blows:I watched them hack the branches[NO OBJECT]: men hack at the coalface

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1.1Kick wildly or roughly:he had to race from his line to hack the ball into the stand

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2[NO OBJECT] Gain unauthorized access to data in a system or computer:they hacked into the bank’s computer[WITH OBJECT]: someone hacked his computer from another location(as noun hacking) outlawing hacking has not stopped it

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2.1Program quickly and roughly.

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3[NO OBJECT] Cough persistently:I was waking up in the middle of the night and coughing and hacking for hours

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4[USUALLY WITH NEGATIVE] (hack it) informal Manage; cope:lots of people leave because they can’t hack it

http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/hack?q=HACKing

hacker 

Pronunciation: /ˈhakə/ 

NOUN

1A person who uses computers to gain unauthorized access to data.

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1.1informal An enthusiastic and skilful computer programmer or user.

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2A person or thing that hacks or cuts roughly.